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Abstract
This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of cattle-farming MSMEs through sustainable development-based empowerment. The program was conducted at Sanjaya Farm in Bandar Lampung using a Participatory Action Research approach involving needs assessment, training, mentoring, hands-on practice, and evaluation through pre-tests, post-tests, and observation. Activities covered livestock waste processing into organic fertilizer and biogas, alternative feed management, animal health and reproduction, and financial management. Evaluation results showed improvements in waste management from 42% to 88%, biogas understanding from 30% to 80%, alternative feed management from 46% to 82%, animal health and reproduction from 48% to 86%, and financial and risk management from 35% to 84%. The program produced organic fertilizer, a biogas utilization design, and financial recording formats. This empowerment model directly addressed key partner problems and has potential for replication among other small-scale cattle farmer groups.
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References
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- Arsic, M., Abdalla, A. L., Dong, H., & Loyon, L. (2025). Circular bioeconomy approaches for livestock manure and post-consumer wastes: Opportunities for biofertilizers and bioenergy. Animal Frontiers, 15(4), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaf017
- Bradbury, H. (2022). The SAGE handbook of action research (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Brahmi, M., Bruno, B., Dhayal, K. S., Esposito, L., & Parziale, A. (2024). From manure to megawatts: Navigating the sustainable innovation solution through biogas production from livestock waste for harnessing green energy for green economy. Heliyon, 10(14), e34504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34504
- Cardillo, C., Pizzi, S., Tomasi, S., & Corbo, C. (2024). Exploring diversification strategies among Italian farms. Sustainability, 16(20), 8856. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208856
- Development, O. for E. C. and. (2024). Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs 2024: An OECD scoreboard. OECD Publishing.
- Dhungana, B., Lohani, S. P., & Marsolek, M. (2022). Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with livestock manure at ambient temperature: A biogas based circular economy and Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 14(6), 3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063307
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- Group, W. B. (2022). Small and medium enterprises finance: Improving SMEs’ access to finance and finding innovative solutions to unlock sources of capital. World Bank Group.
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- Jhouhanggir, D. I. P., Pertiwiningrum, A., Fitriyanto, N. A., & Suyono, E. A. (2025). Circular bioeconomy strategy for livestock waste: Valorizing biogas slurry as a low-nutrient source for Nannochloropsis sp. cultivation. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(10), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/204561
- Khafsoh, N. A., & Riani, N. (2024). Implementation of Participatory Action Research (PAR) in community service program. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), 237–253. https://doi.org/10.32815/jpm.v5i1.2388
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- Majeed, Y., Khan, M. U., Waseem, M., Zahid, U., Mahmood, F., Majeed, F., Sultan, M., & Raza, A. (2023). Renewable energy as an alternative source for energy management in agriculture. Energy Reports, 10, 344–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.06.032
- Nagy, S. (2024). Participant-oriented evaluation through participatory action research: A case study of a community engagement approach. Arts and the Market, 14(1), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAM-07-2022-0043
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- Quinton, M. L., Tidmarsh, G., Parry, B. J., & Cumming, J. (2022). A Kirkpatrick model process evaluation of reactions and learning from My Strengths Training for Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811320
- Samadamaeng, N., Sawatdeenarunat, C., & Charnnok, B. (2024). Enhancing biogas production from cattle manure: A circular economy approach with solar thermal pretreatment and soil conditioning. Journal of Environmental Management, 354, 122086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122086
- Sittadewi, E. H., Santoso, A. D., Rofiq, M. N., Sasongko, N. A., Daulay, H., Wiloso, E. I., Widjaja, E., & Utomo, B. N. (2024). Sustainability index for eco-friendly cattle farming in dry climate regions. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 10(Special Issue), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2024.SI.18
- Suarsa, A., Sugiartiningsih, S., Kusumawati, E., Fitriani, I. D., Pratiwi, N., & Fadilah, Y. (2024). Sustainability practices in Indonesian cattle farming: Insights from the SAFA framework. Organic Farming, 10(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.56578/of100203
- Susanti, A. E., Priyanto, R., Muladno, Astuti, D. A., & Cyrilla, L. (2023). Application of system dynamics modelling in evaluating sustainability of beef cattle production and business system in smallholder farmers in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2023/11.2.236.245
- Swastika, D. K. S., Priyanti, A., Hasibuan, A. M., Sahara, D., Arya, N. N., Malik, A., Ilham, N., Sayekti, A. L., Triastono, J., Asnawi, R., Sugandi, D., Hayati, N. Q., & Atman. (2024). Pursuing circular economics through the integrated crop-livestock systems: An integrative review on practices, strategies and challenges post Green Revolution in Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101269
- Vikas, & Ranjan, R. (2024). Agroecological approaches to sustainable development. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1405409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1405409
- Widiantari, K. S., Putra, I. G. K. S., & Basmantra, I. N. (2024). Influences on MSME sustainability: The roles of financial literacy, business capital, and financial inclusion. Revenue: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Dan Ekonomi Islam, 5(2), 5581. https://doi.org/10.38043/revenue.v5i2.5581
References
Alsalamah, A., & Callinan, C. (2022). The Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation: Bibliometric analysis after 60 years (1959-2020). Industrial and Commercial Training, 54(1), 36–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-12-2020-0115
Arifan, F., Abdullah, A., & Sumardiono, S. (2021). Effect of organic waste addition into animal manure on biogas production using anaerobic digestion method. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 10(3), 623–633. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36107
Arsic, M., Abdalla, A. L., Dong, H., & Loyon, L. (2025). Circular bioeconomy approaches for livestock manure and post-consumer wastes: Opportunities for biofertilizers and bioenergy. Animal Frontiers, 15(4), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaf017
Bradbury, H. (2022). The SAGE handbook of action research (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Brahmi, M., Bruno, B., Dhayal, K. S., Esposito, L., & Parziale, A. (2024). From manure to megawatts: Navigating the sustainable innovation solution through biogas production from livestock waste for harnessing green energy for green economy. Heliyon, 10(14), e34504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34504
Cardillo, C., Pizzi, S., Tomasi, S., & Corbo, C. (2024). Exploring diversification strategies among Italian farms. Sustainability, 16(20), 8856. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208856
Development, O. for E. C. and. (2024). Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs 2024: An OECD scoreboard. OECD Publishing.
Dhungana, B., Lohani, S. P., & Marsolek, M. (2022). Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with livestock manure at ambient temperature: A biogas based circular economy and Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 14(6), 3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063307
Dumont, B., Barlagne, C., Cassart, P., Duval, J. E., Fanchone, A., Gourdine, J. L., Huguenin-Elie, O., Kazakova, Y., Klötzli, J., Lüscher, A., Oteros-Rozas, E., Pomies, D., Rivera-Ferre, M. G., Rossing, W. A. H., Stefanova, V., Swartebroeckx, A., & Zagaria, C. (2025). Principles, barriers and enablers to agroecological animal production systems: A qualitative approach based on five case studies. Animal, 19, 101367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2024.101367
Enokida, C. H. (2025). Anaerobic codigestion of livestock manure and agro-industrial waste in a CSTR reactor: Operational aspects, digestate characteristics, and microbial community dynamics. Renewable Energy, 238, 121865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121865
Gliessman, S. R. (2022). Agroecology: The ecology of sustainable food systems (4th ed.). CRC Press.
Group, W. B. (2022). Small and medium enterprises finance: Improving SMEs’ access to finance and finding innovative solutions to unlock sources of capital. World Bank Group.
Gunton, R. M., van der Stoep, J., Araya, Y., & Jochemsen, H. (2025). Sustainability beyond the triple bottom line: Evaluating transformative change in food systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1483942. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1483942
Hilmiati, N., Ilham, N., Nulik, J., Rohaeni, E. S., deRosari, B., Basuki, T., Hau, D. K., Ngongo, Y., Lase, J. A., Fitriawaty, S., Qomariyah, N., Hadiatry, M. C., Ahmad, S. N., Qomariyah, R., Suyatno, Munir, I. M., Hayanti, S. S., Panjaitan, T., & Yusriani. (2024). Smallholder cattle development in Indonesia: Learning from the past for an outcome-oriented development model. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 19(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.190119
Islam, K. M. N., Sarker, T., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Atri, A. C., & Alam, M. S. (2021). Renewable energy generation from livestock waste for a sustainable circular economy in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 139, 110695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110695
Jhouhanggir, D. I. P., Pertiwiningrum, A., Fitriyanto, N. A., & Suyono, E. A. (2025). Circular bioeconomy strategy for livestock waste: Valorizing biogas slurry as a low-nutrient source for Nannochloropsis sp. cultivation. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(10), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/204561
Khafsoh, N. A., & Riani, N. (2024). Implementation of Participatory Action Research (PAR) in community service program. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), 237–253. https://doi.org/10.32815/jpm.v5i1.2388
Kumar, R., Gupta, G., Hussain, A., & Guerra, B. E. (2025). Pioneering zero-waste technologies utilization and its framework on sustainable management: International, national and state level. Discover Applied Sciences, 7, 224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06693-z
Majeed, Y., Khan, M. U., Waseem, M., Zahid, U., Mahmood, F., Majeed, F., Sultan, M., & Raza, A. (2023). Renewable energy as an alternative source for energy management in agriculture. Energy Reports, 10, 344–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.06.032
Nagy, S. (2024). Participant-oriented evaluation through participatory action research: A case study of a community engagement approach. Arts and the Market, 14(1), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAM-07-2022-0043
Nations, F. and A. O. of the U. (2023). The state of food and agriculture 2023: Revealing the true cost of food to transform agrifood systems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Nations, U. (2024). The Sustainable Development Goals report 2024. United Nations.
Oladejo, O. S., Dahunsi, S. O., Adesulu-Dahunsi, A. T., Ojo, S. O., Lawal, A. I., Idowu, E. O., Olanipekun, A. A., Ibikunle, R. A., Osueke, C. O., & Ajayi, O. E. (2020). Energy generation from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste, cow dung and piggery dung. Bioresource Technology, 313, 123694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123694
Quinton, M. L., Tidmarsh, G., Parry, B. J., & Cumming, J. (2022). A Kirkpatrick model process evaluation of reactions and learning from My Strengths Training for Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811320
Samadamaeng, N., Sawatdeenarunat, C., & Charnnok, B. (2024). Enhancing biogas production from cattle manure: A circular economy approach with solar thermal pretreatment and soil conditioning. Journal of Environmental Management, 354, 122086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122086
Sittadewi, E. H., Santoso, A. D., Rofiq, M. N., Sasongko, N. A., Daulay, H., Wiloso, E. I., Widjaja, E., & Utomo, B. N. (2024). Sustainability index for eco-friendly cattle farming in dry climate regions. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 10(Special Issue), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2024.SI.18
Suarsa, A., Sugiartiningsih, S., Kusumawati, E., Fitriani, I. D., Pratiwi, N., & Fadilah, Y. (2024). Sustainability practices in Indonesian cattle farming: Insights from the SAFA framework. Organic Farming, 10(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.56578/of100203
Susanti, A. E., Priyanto, R., Muladno, Astuti, D. A., & Cyrilla, L. (2023). Application of system dynamics modelling in evaluating sustainability of beef cattle production and business system in smallholder farmers in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2023/11.2.236.245
Swastika, D. K. S., Priyanti, A., Hasibuan, A. M., Sahara, D., Arya, N. N., Malik, A., Ilham, N., Sayekti, A. L., Triastono, J., Asnawi, R., Sugandi, D., Hayati, N. Q., & Atman. (2024). Pursuing circular economics through the integrated crop-livestock systems: An integrative review on practices, strategies and challenges post Green Revolution in Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101269
Vikas, & Ranjan, R. (2024). Agroecological approaches to sustainable development. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1405409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1405409
Widiantari, K. S., Putra, I. G. K. S., & Basmantra, I. N. (2024). Influences on MSME sustainability: The roles of financial literacy, business capital, and financial inclusion. Revenue: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Dan Ekonomi Islam, 5(2), 5581. https://doi.org/10.38043/revenue.v5i2.5581
